Overall, at the broadest level, the three primary determinants for performance appear to be aerobic capacity (VO2max), lactate threshold, and also the newer concept of “efficiency. VO2max As most of us know, VO2max stands for our maximal oxygen consumption, and had long been considered the be-all and end-all of endurance performance. While it is obvious that, at the elite levels, a certain VO2max is the basic entry requirement for world-beating performances, it also quickly became evident that endurance performance beyond 10 min or so is conducted at intensities less than VO2max. For example, a marathon pace is typically 75-85% VO2max, a 10 km run pace is 90-100% VO2max, and a 5 km run close to 100% VO2max. Rider B has a VO2max of 50 mL/kg/min, but his LT is at 90% or 45 mL/kg/min. read more

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It was more than 20 years ago when a doctor told Sandra Taylor that she needed to put her son on steroids. But steroid use didn’t yet carry the stigma it does today particularly in recent months, in light of Olympic champion Marion Jones’ confession of steroid-assisted performance in her medal-winning games and Sen. George Mitchell’s report naming 88 pro baseball players purported to use steroids to enhance their pitching or batting. As a result of all the negative publicity steroids have gotten, doctors are finding them a harder sell on people who legitimately need them. Without the ability to treat with steroids, Jacobson would lose a powerful tool in rehabilitating injuries or treating people with certain ailments. When taken in high doses, anabolic steroids are converted into testosterone and also improve the body’s ability to make protein and increase the production of red blood cells. read more

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